CHEMICAL BURNS

The rule of the skin for out homeostasis is very important. Skin participates in protection from microorganisms and fluid and temperature regulation of the body. We have three layers of skin : 

 -Epidermis –the outer layer

 -Dermis –the middle tissue made up of collagen and elastic fibers. Here we have hair follicles reside, sweat glands, blod vessels and nerves.

 -Hypodermis where larger blood vessels and nerves are found and which is most important in temperature regulation.

The burns are categorized in three degrees :

 -First degree-superficial burn that causes local inflammation

 -Second degree-deeper burn with more pain, redness and inflammation

 -Third degree- all three layers of the skin are involved .this type of burn is white, leathery and painless because the nerves and blood vessels are damaged.

Chemical burns are classified as:

 -Acids- chemicals  with pH less than 7, like acetic acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid.

 -Bases – pH grater than 7, ex. Ammonia

When you have major burs firs that you should do is to:

 1.Remove the victim from burning area

 2.Remove all burning materials from the victim

 3.Call 911

 4.Keep the patient warm and still. If it’s available wrap the injured areas with clan sheet. Do not use cold water because this may cause hypothermia (droping of the body temperature).

If the burn is minor than you should:

 1.Clean the wound gently with lukewarm water

 2.Remove all potentially constricting objects (rings, bracelets) because the burn areas are swelling.

 3.You can use topical antibiotics as silvadene, bacitracin or neosprin.

In case of chemical burns it’s very important to identify what had cause the burn.

HAIR LOSS

Normal hair loss is up to 100-150 hairs per day. This condition usually is not associated with systemic or internal disease. There are many risk factors that include genetic factors, aging process. Thinning of hair in the age of thirty is often normal. A reversible hair loss is usually caused by stress, hormonal changes(pregnancy, puberty, menopause) and nutritional changes. Also some health conditions such as thyroid disease and iron deficiency anemia can cause hair loss. Hair loss is also seen as side effect of some medications as cancer and immune suppression medications. 
The hair loss is classified as diffuse and pitchy. Diffuse hair loss is when large areas or the hole scalp is affected. The localized hair loss is called pitchy. Ne the other hand pitch hair loss is classified as:
 -Traction alopecia (caused by tight braids or ponytails)
 -Alopecia areata (small circular or coin size baldness; usually the hair grows back within months)
 -Tinea capitis (baldness caused by fungal infection)
 -Trichotillomania (caused by twisting r pulling hair out)
Alopecia areata is considered as autoimmune condition (the body attacks his own hair follicles). Frequently stress is blamed for alopecia areata, but also alopecia areata can cause stress. Small smut of steroids is usually injected into affected patches to stimulate hair growth. Other treatments  are oral steroids, immunosupressives and ultraviolet light.
Tinea capitis is more common in African or afro-american peoples. It’s contagious from sharing hats, and  combs. After treatment with oral antifungals, the hair grows back.
Diffuse hair loss can be :
 -Telogen effluvium (rapid shedding after childbirth, fever or sudden weight loss)
 -Androgenetic f androgenic hair loss
Normally scalp hairs live about three years (called anagen/growing phase). After thaht during three months the hair root shrivels up into a small white “club” and the hair falls out, usually during shampooing (telogen/resting phase). Normally, about  10% of scalp hairs are in the telogen phase. Sometimes as a result of some circumstances 30%-40% of the hairs can enter into telongen. Three month later, hairs come ut on a massive shedding especially near the front of the scalp. These can be cause by: stress, sudden weight loss, childbirth, high fever, surgery, severe illness. The more dramatic the hair loss is, that better the prognosis is. No special treatment is needed for this condition (telogen effluvium).
Androgenetic/androgenic alopecia is shown in female and male. The name implies that hormones and genetic are both included.